What constitutes ''fraud'' for determining discharge?
A: 1. does a civil summary judgement for fraud constitute the "fraud" that the bankruptcy law refers to? No, a summary judgment does nto do it, you will have to try the case in bankruptcy court for a detyermination of fraud. 2. Can the lien *ever* be removed through future bankruptcies? If it is not challenged. A state court judgment for fraud if the fraud elements are the same in state law as they are in the Bankruptcy Code, may entitle you to prevail on a nondischargeability action in bankruptcy. Put another way, even if you have a judgment for fraud, you still need to FILE the adversary in bankruptcy. You may not have to do much to get a judgment from the bankruptcy court due...